If you are using Navigator 4.x or Internet Explorer 4.x, this site will not render
correctly!
Is there a brief description available concerning the
forcings implemented in the GFDL CM2.X Model climate of the 20th
century experiments (1861-2000)?
|
Forcings implemented in the GFDL CM2.x Climate of the 20th
Century Experiments (1861-2000)
[All values are monthly-means, then interpolated to yield a daily estimate
in the model. Spatial distribution is the latitude-longitude grid of GFDL
AM2 viz., 2 degrees x 2 degrees. Departures noted below.
Wavelength-dependent properties implemented in the solar and longwave
spectra].
-
Well-mixed greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4,
N2O, CFCs { F11, F12, F113, F22}) -----> SOURCE:
IPCC (2001) and WMO (2003)
[CO2 GRAPH]
[CH4 GRAPH]
[F11 GRAPH]
[F12 GRAPH]
[F113 GRAPH]
[F22 GRAPH]
[N2O GRAPH]
- Stratospheric Ozone (1977 to 2000 only) -----> SOURCE: Randel and Wu
(1999). Zonal-means only.
- Tropospheric ozone -----> SOURCE: using MOZART chemistry-transport
model-generated distributions {Horowitz et al., 2003; Tie et al., 2005};
"1990" climatology from NCAR's MACCM3 used for all years; emission values
used are estimates at the beginning of each decade.
- All Tropospheric Aerosols: [Sulfate, Black and Organic Carbon]; [Dust
and Sea-salt not assumed to vary - values held fixed at the 1990
estimates].
Same methodology as for Tropospheric Ozone.
SOURCE: black carbon and organic carbon from fossil-fuel sources {Cooke et
al., 1999}; biomass burning from {Hao and Liu, 1994; Andrea and Merlet,
2001}. Historical emissions produced by scaling present-day values based on
the EDGAR-HYDE historical emissions inventory {Van Ardenne et al., 2001}.
Only sulfate aerosols are assumed to have a hygroscopic growth. External
mixtures for radiation calculations.
- Tropospheric aerosol indirect forcing arising out of aerosol-cloud
interactions -----> NOT INCLUDED.
- Land-use change SOURCE Hurtt et al. (2005) global land use
reconstruction history, including effect on surface albedo, surface
roughness, stomatal resistance, and effective water capacity.
-
Solar irradiance variations ----->
SOURCE {Lean et al., 1995; Lean,
personal communication, 2003; see also
IPCC, 2001}. Solar variations implemented
as a function of wavelength.
[SOLAR
GRAPH]
- Volcanic aerosols -----> SOURCE: Ramachandran et al. (1999)
Pinatubo estimates altered slightly and blended with Sato et al. (1993)
estimates, then Sato et al. values used for eruptions going back to 1860.
More details will be included in a manuscript that is being prepared.
When the manuscript is submitted to a journal, it will be available for download
from the CM2.x
references web page.
|
Questions related to the GFDL CM2.x models may be directed to… |
|